Chapter 11
Skeletal System
Overview of the Skeletal System
- Supports the body
- Protects soft body parts
- Produces blood cells
- Stores minerals and fats
- The skeleton with muscles provides flexibility and movement
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skeleton
Anatomy of a Long Bone
- Medullary cavity (yellow bone marrow)
- Articular cartilage
- Periosteum
Bone
- Compact bone (osteocytes)
- Spongy bone (red bone marrow)
Cartilage
- Hyaline cartilage
- Fibrocartilage
- Elastic cartilage
Fibrous Connective Tissue
- Ligaments
- Tendons
Bone Growth, Remodeling, and Repair
- Osteoblasts
- Osteocytes
- Osteoclasts
Bone Development and Growth
- Intramembranous Ossification
- Endochondral Ossification
- The cartilage model
- The bone collar
- The primary ossification center
- The medullary cavity and secondary ossification sites
- The epiphyseal plate
Hormones Affect Bone Growth
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Vitamin D
Bone Remodeling and Its Role in Homeostasis
- 18% of bone recycled annually
Bone Repair
- Hematoma
- Fibrocartilaginous callus
- Bony callus
- Remodeling
Bones of the Axial Skeleton
- Skull
- Hyoid Bone
- Vertebral Column
- Rib Cage
Skull (cranium)
- Frontal bone
- Parietal bone
- Occipital bone
- Foramen Magnum
- Temporal bone
- Sphenoid bone
- Ethmoid bone
Facial Bones
- Mandible
- Maxillae
- Zygomatic bones
- Nasal bones
Hyoid Bone
Vertebral Column
- 33 Vertebrae
- 7 Cervical
- 12 Thoracic
- 5 Lumbar
- 5 Sacral (fused)
- 4 Coccyx (fused)
Intervertebral Disks
- Fibrocartilage
The Rib Cage
- 12 Ribs and associated cartilage
- 12 Thoracic Vertebrae
- Sternum
The Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton
The Pectoral Girdle and the Upper Limb
- The Pectoral Girdle
- Scapula
- Clavicle
- The Upper Limb
-Humerus
- Radius
- Ulna
- Carpals
- Metacarpals
- Phalanges
The Pelvic Girdle and the Lower Limb
- The Pelvic Girdle
- Coxal Bone
- The Lower Limb
- Femur
- Tibia
- Fibula
- Patella
- Tarsals
- Metatarsals
- Phalanges
http://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/f8-1a_appendicular_skel_c.jpg
Articulations
- Fibrous Joint
- Cartilaginous Joint
- Synovial Joint
Sources:
Human Biology 10th Edition by Sylvia S. Mader
Larry M. Frolich Power Point Unit III
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skeleton
http://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/f8-1a_appendicular_skel_c.jpg
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